skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Search for: All records

Creators/Authors contains: "Howlader, Rakib"

Note: When clicking on a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number, you will be taken to an external site maintained by the publisher. Some full text articles may not yet be available without a charge during the embargo (administrative interval).
What is a DOI Number?

Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.

  1. Abstract Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), comprising both nearshore and offshore components, plays a vital role in water cycling and solute transport in coastal areas, and affects coastal marine ecosystems. Previous estimations of SGD based on seepage meters, geochemical tracers, water balances, analytical, and numerical approaches frequently overlooked offshore contributions driven by oceanic currents, waves, and tides, resulting in an incomplete understanding of SGD dynamics and its ecological consequences. Therefore, this study quantified the total SGD by integrating offshore (current‐, wave‐, and tide‐driven SGD) and nearshore (fresh SGD and tide‐driven SGD) components in Florida coasts. The calculated total SGD was approximately 15.08% of annual precipitation volume in Florida, with 14.09% offshore SGD (0.7%, 8.2%, and 5.2% from currents, waves, and tides, respectively) and ∼0.986% nearshore SGD (0.44% and 0.55% from fresh and recirculated SGD), underscoring offshore SGD as a major driver of groundwater discharge extending across the continental shelf. Moreover, nearshore SGD‐derived dissolved inorganic nutrient fluxes were estimated as kg/yr for nitrogen and kg/yr for phosphorus, whereas offshore SGD‐derived nutrients were kg/yr for nitrogen and kg/yr for phosphorus. On average, these nutrient inputs were approximately 6 and 4 times greater than those from surface water nutrient fluxes from coastal river discharge for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphorus, respectively, highlighting the significant role of SGD in nutrient cycling in Florida. Additionally, we identified 54 SGD hotspots, which are generally aligned spatially with the distribution of coastal springs. Therefore, future research should evaluate the impact on nutrient loads to enhance coastal water management and sustainability. 
    more » « less
    Free, publicly-accessible full text available July 1, 2026